As mental signs and symptoms, we have constant worry, weariness, irritability, and trouble focusing and falling asleep. Īs physical signs and symptoms, we can find palpitations, tachycardia, hyperventilation, excessive sweating, the feeling of chest oppression or dyspnoea, tremors, dizziness, and fainting. Posttraumatic stress affects at least 1% of the population, with higher incidences in war veterans and survivors of physical or sexual abuse. Panic disorder is less frequent and is diagnosed in less than 1% of the population. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affects almost 2.3% of adults. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is presented in 3–5% of the adult population. It is calculated that approximately 13% of the general population has a phobic anxiety disorder, like social phobia, whereas 7% of women and 4.3% of men have specific phobias.
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As with depression, anxiety disorders are more frequent in women than in men (4.6% versus 2.6% worldwide). In a way, it delivers a sense of precaution for usual dangers and, in moderate intensity and short intervals, can help us focus, maintain focus, and face challenges.Īs with other emotions, when the anxiety presents disproportionately for a specific situation or even in the absence of any evident danger, the beneficial effect is exceeded.Īccording to WHO, in 2015 the world prevalence of anxiety disorders was 3,6%. Anxiety: definition, prevalence, and clinical characteristicsĪnxiety is a natural adaptive mechanism that allows the human being to be alert to potential dangers. Other risk factors are increased body mass index, a sedentary lifestyle, alcohol intake, and low fruit intake. īesides age, smoking is another important cancer risk factor, being almost one-third of cancer-related deaths. However, the incidence rises with age due to the loss of cellular repair mechanisms and the accumulation of risk factors.
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Īpproximately 400 thousand children get diagnosed with any type of cancer annually. Īccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is the principal cause of death worldwide, being almost one of six deaths registered annually and in 2020, the total amount of cancer-related deaths was nearly 10 million. The metastatic extension is the principal cause of death by the disease. But cancer has a definite characteristic: the accelerated multiplication of abnormal cells that extend far beyond their usual limits, even invading other body parts, which is called metastasis.
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Ĭancer, neoplasm, or malignant tumors are generic terms used in an indistinct way to designate a wide group of diseases that can affect any part of the organism. The scope of this chapter is to establish the presence of anxiety, depression and delirium in terminally ill cancer patients through scientific evidence review the opinion of experts in the field on the most appropriate treatment, and the influence on the beneficial impact of interventions with family members or support people to ensure a more positive approach to the circumstances of these patients and serve as support for the treatment of medical personnel.Ĭancer is defined as the pathological tissue growth caused by a lengthy and persistent proliferation of abnormal cells which causes invasion and destruction of body tissues. An early diagnosis and adequate treatment, that includes emotional accompaniment, can greatly help to maintain the quality of life or even improve it and make these patients and their families move in a dignified way toward death.
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Although these are high prevalence disorders in terminally ill cancer patients, they often go undiagnosed and therefore do not receive treatment. In many cases family concerns, the prognosis of the disease, the type of treatment, and its adverse effects aggravate these emotional symptoms to the point of turning them into severe affective disorders which severely complicate their emotional state, their physical condition and their disposition and response to treatment. Most terminally ill cancer patients present some degree of anxiety, depression, or delirium.